DIGITAL RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION AS PREDICTORS OF TEACHER INSTRUCTIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDO NORTH SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA

Authors

  • SOPHIE EMIKE OMOZUAWO DIGITAL RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION AS PREDICTORS OF TEACHER INSTRUCTIONAL EFFICIENCY IN EDO NORTH SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA
  • OSAMUDIAMEN BAMIDELE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY, AUCHI POLYTECHNIC, AUCHI, EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Keywords:

Digital Resources, Educational Technology, Instructional Efficiency, Secondary Education, Teacher Utilization.

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between digital resource availability, utilization patterns, and teacher instructional efficiency in secondary schools across Edo North Senatorial District, Nigeria. Using a correlational research design, data were collected from 384 teachers across 48 secondary schools through structured questionnaires and observational checklists. Results revealed that digital resource availability (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) and utilization frequency (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) significantly predicted teacher instructional efficiency. However, only 43% of available digital resources were actively utilized in classroom instruction. Regression analysis indicated that digital resource utilization explained 52% of the variance in instructional efficiency (R² = 0.52, F(2,381) = 206.45, p < 0.001). Key barriers to utilization included inadequate digital literacy (68%), unstable electricity supply (74%), and limited technical support (61%). The study recommends comprehensive digital literacy training programs, infrastructure improvement, and establishment of dedicated ICT support units in schools.

References

Adeoye, B., Oluwole, A. F., & Blessing, L. A. (2013). Appraising the role of information communication technology (ICT) as a change agent for higher education in Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 5(8), 177-183.

Adeyemi, T. O., & Olaleye, F. O. (2021). Assessment of ICT infrastructure availability and utilization in Nigerian secondary schools. African Journal of Educational Technology, 11(2), 45-62.

Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S. E., & Iyamu, E. O. S. (2005). Using information and communication technology in secondary schools in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. Educational Technology & Society, 8(1), 104-112.

Agbatogun, A. O. (2010). Self-concept, computer anxiety, gender and attitude towards interactive computer technologies: A predictive study among Nigerian teachers. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 6(2), 55-68.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Angeli, C., & Valanides, N. (2009). Epistemological and methodological issues for the conceptualization, development, and assessment of ICT-TPCK. Computers & Education, 52(1), 154-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.07.006

Balanskat, A., Blamire, R., & Kefala, S. (2006). The ICT impact report: A review of studies of ICT impact on schools in Europe. European Schoolnet.

Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 5(3), 235-245.

Buabeng-Andoh, C. (2012). Factors influencing teachers' adoption and integration of information and communication technology into teaching: A review of the literature. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 8(1), 136-155.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Ertmer, P. A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 25-39.

Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher technology change: How knowledge, confidence, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255-284.

Eze, S. C., Chinedu-Eze, V. C., & Bello, A. O. (2020). Factors influencing the adoption of mobile learning by teachers in Nigerian universities. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17.

Fathema, N., Shannon, D., & Ross, M. (2015). Expanding the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine faculty use of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in higher education institutions. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 11(2), 210-232.

Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Goktas, Y., Yildirim, S., & Yildirim, Z. (2009). Main barriers and possible enablers of ICTs integration into pre-service teacher education programs. Educational Technology & Society, 12(1), 193-204.

Harris, J., Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. (2009). Teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge and learning activity types. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 41(4), 393-416.

Hennessy, S., Harrison, D., & Wamakote, L. (2010). Teacher factors influencing classroom use of ICT in Sub-Saharan Africa. Itupale Online Journal of African Studies, 2(1), 39-54.

Hew, K. F., & Brush, T. (2007). Integrating technology into K-12 teaching and learning: Current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research. Educational Technology Research and Development, 55(3), 223-252.

Higgins, S., Xiao, Z., & Katsipataki, M. (2012). The impact of digital technology on learning: A summary for the education endowment foundation. Durham University.

Ifinedo, E., Rikala, J., & Hämäläinen, T. (2020). Factors affecting Nigerian teacher educators' technology integration. Computers & Education, 146.

Kopcha, T. J. (2012). Teachers' perceptions of the barriers to technology integration and practices with technology under situated professional development. Computers & Education, 59(4), 1109-1121.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.

Kyriakides, L., Christoforou, C., & Charalambous, C. Y. (2013). What matters for student learning outcomes: A meta-analysis of studies exploring factors of effective teaching? Teaching and Teacher Education, 36, 143-152.

McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276-282.

Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054.

Mumtaz, S. (2000). Factors affecting teachers' use of information and communications technology: A review of the literature. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 9(3), 319-342.

Okeke, C. I., & Eze, J. U. (2020). ICT infrastructure and teachers' use of technology in public secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria. African Educational Research Journal, 8(2), 289-297.

Okonkwo, I. V., Ade-Ibijola, A., & Foster, G. (2022). Digital divide and teacher readiness for technology integration in Nigerian education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(4), 5127-5149.

Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Glazewski, K. D., Newby, T. J., & Ertmer, P. A. (2010). Teacher value beliefs associated with using technology. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1321-1335.

Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.

Pelgrum, W. J. (2001). Obstacles to the integration of ICT in education: Results from a worldwide educational assessment. Computers & Education, 37(2), 163-178.

Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Tondeur, J. (2019). The technology acceptance model (TAM): A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach to explaining teachers' adoption of digital technology in education. Computers & Education, 128, 13-35.

Stronge, J. H., Ward, T. J., & Grant, L. W. (2011). What makes good teachers good? A cross-case analysis of the connection between teacher effectiveness and student achievement. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(4), 339-355.

Sung, Y.-T., Chang, K.-E., & Liu, T.-C. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students' learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Computers & Education, 94, 252-275.

Tamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011). What forty years of research says about the impact of technology on learning: A second-order meta-analysis and validation study. Review of Educational Research, 81(1), 4-28.

Tella, A., Tella, A., Toyobo, O. M., Adika, L. O., & Adeyinka, A. A. (2007). An assessment of secondary school teachers uses of ICTs. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 6(3), 5-17.

Teo, T. (2011). Factors influencing teachers' intention to use technology: Model development and test. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2432-2440.

Teo, T., & van Schaik, P. (2012). Understanding the intention to use technology by preservice teachers: An empirical test of competing theoretical models. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 28(3), 178-188.

Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2017). Understanding the relationship between teachers' pedagogical beliefs and technology use in education, 555-575.

Trucano, M. (2005). Knowledge maps: ICT in education. infoDev / World Bank.

UNESCO. (2011). UNESCO ICT competency framework for teachers. UNESCO.

Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186-204.

Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A review of the literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(2), 109-121.

Yusuf, M. O. (2005). Information and communication technology and education: Analysing the Nigerian national policy for information technology. International Education Journal, 6(3), 316-321.

Zhao, Y., & Frank, K. A. (2003). Factors affecting technology uses in schools: An ecological perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 40(4), 807-840.

Zhao, Y., & Watterston, J. (2021). The changes we need: Education post COVID-19. Journal of Educational Change, 22(1), 3-12.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-17 — Updated on 2026-05-17